This year marks World Veterinary Year, celebrating the 250th anniversary of professional veterinary medicine.
The world's first veterinary school was founded in Lyon, France, in 1761. Shortly thereafter the Alfort veterinary school near Paris was established. It is the oldest school in the world remaining on its original site.
According to the American Animal Hospital Association, the word "veterinarian" was first used in the mid-1600s. Early animal treatment specialists learned by watching and experimentation. In 1853 the first veterinary school was established in the Americas, at the University of Mexico.
Four years later, in 1857, the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons came into being. However, not until 1879 was it required that animal surgeons must be graduates of "established and reputable veterinary schools or colleges." It was then that veterinarians joined the learned ranks of teachers and human medical professionals.
Today, a student with a bachelor's degree can apply to 28 four-year veterinary colleges accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Attendance is full-time to achieve a doctor of veterinary medicine degree.
University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine lists 14 areas of special interest at this level, from academic to zoo animals.
Some graduates choose an optional one-year internship. A specialist accreditation requires a three- to four-year residency, meaning a total of eight years of study beyond a pre-veterinary degree.
Passing the National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners test is a universal requirement to qualify for a state license to practice. Each state veterinary medical board oversees standards of practice and continuing education.
• Dawn Armstrong is the executive director of the Lake Tahoe Humane Society and SPCA.