Protecting our little ones: Sun safety tips for kids by Carson City's dermatology specialists

May is Skin Cancer Awareness Month, highlighting the prevalence of this disease with over five million cases identified annually in the United States. With the arrival of warmer weather, blossoming nature, and increased outdoor activities for children, ensuring their safety and health becomes paramount. To help you prepare for the upcoming season and vacations, the dermatologists at Carson City's Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute offer tips to protect kids from the sun's harmful effects.

Q: What sun protection essentials should I pack for my kids?

A: In addition to sunscreen, UPF clothing offers excellent protection against UV rays, minimizing the need for frequent reapplication. UPF clothing, boasting Ultraviolet Protection Factor, significantly reduces UV exposure compared to regular clothing. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, UPF clothing allows only 2% of UV rays to penetrate, whereas regular clothing can permit up to 20%, substantially heightening the risk of skin cancer. The Skin Cancer Foundation provides valuable guidance on selecting suitable attire for sun protection. Wide-brim hats are also essential for shielding sensitive areas like ears, face, and neck.

Q: Is sunscreen safe for my infant? What type of sunscreen do you recommend? Any sunscreens we should avoid?

A: The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests avoiding sunscreen for infants under six months, suggesting protective clothing and shade instead. In situations where sufficient clothing and shade are not accessible, a minimal amount of sunscreen with at least SPF 15 can be applied to limited areas like the baby's face and the backs of their hands.

Opt for physical/mineral blockers like titanium and zinc-based sunscreens, ideal for delicate infant skin. Avoid chemical blockers, potentially harmful to coral reefs. Look for broad-spectrum sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher for children over six months.

Q: What should I remember when applying sunscreen to my child? How should it be applied, and how much?

A: It is important to apply sunscreen to all exposed areas, including neck, ears, hands, and feet. Reapply every 90 minutes, or more frequently if swimming, sweating, or playing in the water. A thin, complete layer is sufficient.

Q: Does my child need to wear sunglasses?

A: Yes, sunglasses are recommended to protect sensitive eyes from harmful UV rays. Prolonged exposure to direct and reflected sunlight (such as from water or snow) can harm the eyes, particularly as children's eyes are more sensitive to light. Ensure sunglasses are labeled to protect against both UVA and UVB rays, preferably with wrap-around styles and polycarbonate lenses for maximum protection.

Q: Does my child require sun exposure to obtain vitamin D?

A: Yes, exposure to natural sunlight is important. Limited sun exposure, about 15-20 minutes several times a week, is adequate for obtaining vitamin D benefits.

Q: What causes sunburn?

A: Excessive exposure to natural sunlight induces oxidative stress on skin cells, leading to radiation toxicity. This can manifest as heightened inflammation, resulting in symptoms like redness, blistering, and irritation or discomfort. Prolonged exposure to the sun over time can cause damage to skin cells, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Sunburn, a recognized risk factor for skin cancer, can initiate this damage even in childhood.

Q: We have been out in the sun - What should I do if my child gets a sunburn? Do I need to call the pediatrician?

A: Treat mild burns with moisturizers, aloe, and hydrocortisone. Ensure hydration with water or fruit juice. Severe burns warrant a doctor's visit if accompanied by pain, fever, or blisters.

Q: At what age should I start scheduling yearly skin exams for my child?

A: A family history of melanoma requires regular skin exams for melanoma and other skin cancers among family members, regardless of age. If a child has experienced multiple episodes of blistering sunburns, it is advisable to consider routine or yearly skin examinations. Similar to other healthcare screenings, the frequency of these exams depends largely on individual risk factors. Your child's dermatologist can advise on the frequency of skin exams.

Q: Do I still need to be cautious about UV exposure in the mountains?

A: Yes. UV exposure remains a concern in mountainous regions. High UV index increases sunburn risk and potential long-term skin damage, emphasizing the need for sun protection regardless of geographic location and at any time of the year regardless of prevailing weather conditions.

The Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute values knowledge as a source of empowerment when it comes to skin health. For questions regarding sunscreen, sunburn concerns, or full skin exams, you can book an appointment at Skin Cancer & Dermatology Institute’s Carson City location at www.SkinCancerDerm.com or call 775.324.0699.